How to Choose and Use Mosquito Control Repellents Safely
by Russ Frank
Did you know that mosquitoes can sense the presence of humans even from far away? They're attracted to the heat, humidity and the carbon dioxide that are given off. Most mosquito repellents work by hiding the chemical cues that attract mosquitoes. A good repellent will offer protection for a long period of time after just one application. That's important because many diseases like West Nile virus are transmitted by mosquitoes.
Mosquito repellents don't work exactly the same for everyone. They work better for some and not as well on others. The factors involved include the age, gender and activity level of the person involved. The type of mosquito is a factor as well. Another important fact is that mosquito repellents only work on the surface they're applied to.
The Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommends two products, DEET and picaridin. According to the CDC, each of these products works well and offers long lasting protection. DEET was developed in the 1940's for the U.S. Army and first offered to the public in 1957.
The amount of active ingredient in a mosquito repellent is very important. The higher the concentration of active ingredient, the longer the protection lasts. If you're normally outside for 3-4 hours, a product with 20% or more of DEET offers good protection. If you're typically outside for less than 3 hours, products with less than 20% DEET or 7% picaridin offer protection.
How safe are these products? Here's what the various agencies say. If used according to directions DEET does not pose any health problems, and is not considered a human carcinogen according to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The CDC does not recommend sunscreens with combining products that contain DEET. DEET concentrations below 30% are safe for children two months of age and older according to the American Academy of Pediatrics.
Oil of lemon eucalyptus and IR3535 are two other active ingredients recommended by CDC. While they do provide good protection, they don't last as long as the higher concentrations of DEET. According to test done by EPA, oil of lemon eucalyptus provides about the same length of protection as the lower concentrations of DEET. Read the label of any product using this ingredient. Children less than 3 years of age should not be exposed to this ingredient.
In spite of many scientific studies, there is no evidence that ultrasonic mosquito repellent devices work. Neither is there any evidence that eating garlic, vitamins, onions, or any other food will repel mosquitoes from people. It seems the portable traps that emit carbon dioxide are still too new for any decision from the scientists.
To use mosquito repellents safely, follow these guidelines: Always read the instruction and follow the directions. Apply these products only to exposed skin. Do not apply repellents to cuts, wounds or rashes. Do not apply near eyes or mouth. Apply only lightly around the ears. Never allow children to apply these products. Always wash or bathe to remove these products when you return indoors.
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